Far more people are dying due to Dementia in last ten years. “—— there has been a large increase in diagnosis of AD on US death certificates in the last 10 years.” 354 A study done in Guam examined the incidence of ALS and PDC in last 60 years found, “The incidence of PDC also declined until the late 1980s but, unlike ALS, showed a slight increase from 1980 to 1999.” 355 From 1994
to 2005, the number of children ages 6–21 years receiving services
for autism increased from 22,664 to 193,637. 356 People with schizophrenia tend to smoke significantly more tobacco than the general population. A 2003 study of over 50,000 Swedish conscripts found that there was a small but significant protective effect of smoking cigarettes on the risk of developing schizophrenia later in life Despite the higher prevalence of tobacco smoking, people diagnosed with schizophrenia have a much lower than average chance of developing and dying from lung cancer. It is of interest that cigarette smoking affects liver function such that the antipsychotic drugs used to treat schizophrenia are broken down in the bloodstream more quickly. The increased rate of smoking in schizophrenia may be due to a desire to self-medicate with nicotine. One possible reason is that smoking produces a short term effect to improve alertness and cognitive functioning in persons who suffer this illness. It has been postulated that the mechanism of this effect is that people with schizophrenia have a disturbance of nicotinic receptor functioning which is temporarily abated by tobacco use. A study from 1989 and a 2004 case study show that when haloperidol is administered, nicotine limits the extent to which the antipsychotic increases the sensitivity of the dopamine 2 receptor. Dependent on the dopamine system, symptoms of Tardive Dyskinesia are not found in the nicotine administered patients despite a roughly 70% increase in dopamine receptor activity, but the controls have more than 90% and do develop symptoms. A 1997 study showed that akathisia was significantly reduced upon administration of nicotine when the akathisia was induced by antipsychotics. This gives credence to the idea tobacco could be used to self-medicate by limiting effects of the illness, the medication, or both. 357 The estimated annual incidence of TGA varies from a minimum of 2.9 cases per 100,000 population (in Spain) and 5.2 per 100,000 (in the USA), but among people aged over 50, the rate of TGA incidence is reported to range from approximately 23 per 100,000 (in a US population) to 32 per 100,000 (in a population in Scandinavia).
TGA is most common in people between age 56 and 75, with the average age of a person experiencing TGA being approximately 62. One article reports the case of a high-functioning patient who had an “event” diagnosed as probable transient global amnesia (TGA) 1 year before being diagnosed with evolving cognitive impairment. “Specific therapy such as cholinesterase inhibitors and vitamin E may be indicated if the patient meets the criteria for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or other conditions for which cholinesterase inhibitors have been shown to be beneficial (vascular dementia, diffuse Lewy body disease, and probably mild cognitive impairment).” 358 Acetylcholine (ACh) has been shown to modulate neuronal differentiation during early development. 359 nAChRs are also being related to Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. The incidence of the which in children increases for unknown reasons at a rate from 3 to 5% every year worldwide. 360 Nicotine doesn’t have to be administered by smoking only. A very wide variety of alternate methods and routes are available which include vaping, gum, lozenges, transdermal, drops and liquid solutions. 361 The population in the industrialized countries is rapidly aging due to a greater life expectancy, and an ever-increasing number of people are afflicted with neurodegenerative diseases making a global issue out of these diseases and nAChRs hold a big promise in this regard. 362 The acetylcholine nicotinic receptor is among the most studied receptors in neuroscience. Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs) are multimeric proteins constituted of two different subunits, α, and β, with different subtypes arrangement and different pharmacological and functional properties. 363 364 Synaptic plasticity induced by Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase is nAChRs dependent and holds a lot of promise in the treatment of some major neuronal degenerative diseases. 365 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play a role in a variety of diseases of the central nervous system including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and schizophrenia. Very expensive pharmacological preparations are being researched, prepared and provided to patients. Nothing wrong with it. These may be very good alternatives in some cases. But, there is a very cheap, potent and natural treatment for the diseased states of Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptors called Nicotine which is available to be administered through any available and viable route of choice for the administration.366 367 Many studies are now showing the modulators of Dopaminergic neurons are better alternatives to agents directly affecting DA. 368Acetylcholine (ACh) can elicit striatal DA release through activation of nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) on DA axonal projections can paly a key role in the treatment of Schizophrenia and Depression. 369 Meyer et al. observed that the density of α4β2-nAChRs significantly decreased in patients with PD and correlated with the severity of cognition decline. 370 I have found non-pharmacological preparations of Nicotine to be very effective and cheaper. 371 When you first stop smoking, you may feel uncomfortable and will have the urge to smoke. 372 Nicotine suppresses MAO-B which makes Nicotine users less susceptible to Parkinson’s disease. 373 ACETYLCHOLINE is thought to be an excitatory neurotransmitter at synapses in the insect central nervous system (CNS) and does not seem to be involved in insect neuromuscular transmission 374
Discouraging the use of Nicotine instead of discouraging smoking only is simply going way too far. It is causing us a lot in terms of inefficiency, cognitive impairment, CNS diseases, destruction of crops, neuro-muscular disorders and immense cost on research, development and dispensing of Nicotine like artificial chemical derivatives and synthetic compounds. Nicotine, on the other hand, is a natural substance which has evolved over millions of years and animal species including humans have adopted their bodies especially neuronal receptors to a very beneficial and quality of life enhancing use of it.
Considering the extraordinary role of Nicotine in the normal and enhanced cognitive functioning of human brain, in the light of very significant and credible evidence, it is quite safe to say that the demonizing and vilifying of Nicotine as a cognition and performance enhancing natural substance is definitely an integral part of global agenda for control by dumbing down of human populations around the world. Cognition is what separates us as a species from other animals and is absolutely critical in overall superiority of human beings. People who have access to cognition-enhancing substances will continue to show their superiority while others are gradually losing it.
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